Camera Corporation, UniveX

The Universal Mercury II - c.1946-1952

Most of the cameras discussed thus far are not usable anymore, either because of the lack of suitable film, or simply because the cameras themselves are too decrepit to function properly.  The Mercury II is one of a few exceptions; it uses standard 35mm film, has interchangeable lenses and a very durable, accurate shutter.   So, this post isn’t just about the history of the camera; it’s about how it performs today.


The term “classic” isn’t often used to describe a camera made by Universal, but in this case it is appropriate.  The 1946 Mercury II is, without a doubt, the camera for which this company will be remembered.  The post-war revamp of the original Mercury Model CC, the Mercury II had features that were designed to bring the camera up to date and increase its market appeal.  These included:

• “Designed for color” coated Tricor lens, built in the Universal optical shop.  Pre-war lenses had been purchased, not made in-house.  Coated lenses included the 35mm f/2.7 Tricor and the 35mm f/3.5 Tricor
• Enlarged body design and inclusion of a rewind knob to enable the camera to accept standard 35mm film cassettes.  This feature brought the Mercury into the real world of amateur photography, permitting the use of a great variety of film types and speeds
• A film reminder dial on the back
• Redesigned accessories including a clip-on extinction meter with a longer eyepiece extension to accommodate the repositioned accessory shoe, and a redesigned eveready case.  The case is important because the new body design did not include strap lugs of any kind

Strangely absent from the accessories line-up were:

• A redesigned rangefinder to fit the new camera body.  The rangefinder for the Mercury Model CC didn’t fit, and it was left to Spiratone to market a rangefinder for the Merc II.
• Coated versions of the Univex Hexar 35mm f/2.0, the 75mm f/3.5 Ilex Telecor, and 125mm f/4.5 Wollensak  telephoto lenses offered for the Mercury Model CC.  It has been rumored that some pre-war Hexars were coated in the Universal optical shop, but I’ve never seen one.  I have seen Mercury II’s with Hexars, but they are uncoated.

This ad for the Mercury II appeared in 1946

(Related note: Fred Spira was one of the greatest camera collectors and photohistory enthusiasts who ever lived – be sure to check out his book, titled The History of Photography as Seen through the Spira Collection.  It’s pretty pricey, so I borrowed it from the local library, and both the camera photos and the historical content are fantastic.  If you can afford it you should buy it, if only to encourage the continued publication of such high-quality material.)

Shooting with the Mercury II
I’ve owned a Mercury II for some time, as well as the aforementioned Mercury Model CC variants.   This past weekend, I decided to take the Mercury II out for a spin, and to try a couple of unusual things.   Sally and I headed over to Mentor Headlands State Park to take some pictures with my 63-year old classic camera.  The park is on the shores of Lake Erie, and constitutes the longest contiguous stretch of public access to the lake in Ohio.  The dunes along the lake are protected, but the area surrounding them presents opportunities for nature photographers.

Vegetation with dunes in background

Shooting with the Mercury was an interesting challenge.  I used a hand-held meter for exposure settings, in this case an old Walz selenium meter that still works very accurately.  For focusing, I used a Kent clip-on rangefinder, transferring the distance reading to the Mercury’s focusing scale.  A Univex Exposure Meter served as a mounting platform to elevate the Kent rangefinder above the “hump” on the camera’s back.  (I couldn’t actually use the Univex extinction meter, because the translucent number slide inside is actually made of nitrocellulose-based film, and it has deteriorated severely.  Later cameras like the Meteor have extinction meters that apparently used modern film, as they seem to hold up better.)
Another issue with this camera is setting the shutter speed.  It’s very important to select the required shutter speed, then wind the film (which cocks the shutter).

  If you cock the shutter first, then realize that you haven’t set the correct shutter speed, it’s too late to change it.  This resulted in a few lost frames as I struggled to remember NOT to wind the film until I was actually ready to set up for the next shot.   Fortunately, with a half-frame camera, you can waste a few frames if necessary – I got about 46 shots on a 24-exposure roll.   Having said all that, however, the rotary shutter still works beautifully.  In fact, standard Mercury cameras generally retain their accuracy right up until the spring craps out.  As focal plane cameras go, the Mercury exhibits less shake due to shutter motion than any camera I’ve used before.  The circular motion of the rotary shutter comes up to speed in less than a second, stopping without any perceptible “jerk.”  Most horizontal-travelling focal plane shutters seem to slam the camera to one side, resulting in potential movement on the part of the user.  The weight of the Mercury body, at over one pound, also helps dampen any motion. 

Results
The results of shooting with the Mercury II were somewhat inconsistent at first, although the camera seemed to “warm up” and perform correctly by the second half of the roll.  It’s also true that I became more accustomed to working with the camera by that time, so maybe it was all my fault to begin with.  In any case, the lens seemed reasonably sharp for a triplet, and the coating was pretty effective at reducing lens flare.  The obvious exception was when shooting toward the sun, but that’s normal for any camera lens even today.  Note, however, the off-axis flare in the photo below.  That is not a common situation, and it could mean some separation of the cemented elements – I’ll try to address this in the future.

Ultimate lens flare test shows some weird stuff happening

Trail to the dunes area

Shots around the beach area seem to be reasonably contrasty and the shutter speeds and apertures are obviously close to perfect, based on the negative density achieved.  Not bad at all for a camera that’s over 60 years old!  Shutter speeds right up to 1/1000 second were used, with no obvious over- or underexposure problems.  All in all, the Mercury II is a very capable 35mm camera, and even today performs well enough for amateur use.  Now all I need to do is try out the flash attachment – I have a few old Press 25B’s around here somewhere!